Neutrons stabilize the nucleus, because they attract each other and protons, which helps offset the electrical repulsion between protons. There are only certain combinations of neutrons and protons, which forms stable nuclei. These two forces compete, leading to various stability of nuclei.
The neutron has a mean square radius of about 0.8×10−15 m, or 0.8 fm, and it is a spin-½ fermion.Ītomic nuclei consist of protons and neutrons, which attract each other through the nuclear force, while protons repel each other via the electric force due to their positive charge. It has no electric charge and a rest mass equal to 1.67493 × 10−27 kg-marginally greater than that of the proton but nearly 1839 times greater than that of the electron. In the universe, neutrons are abundant, making up more than half of all visible matter. This causes difficulty for both organisms and industry in converting N2 into useful compounds, but at the same time means that burning, exploding, or decomposing nitrogen compounds to form nitrogen gas releases large amounts of often useful energy.Ī neutron is one of the subatomic particles that make up matter. The extremely strong triple bond in elemental nitrogen (N≡N), the second strongest bond in any diatomic molecule after carbon monoxide (CO), dominates nitrogen chemistry. Many industrially important compounds, such as ammonia, nitric acid, organic nitrates (propellants and explosives), and cyanides, contain nitrogen. In the periodic table, the elements are listed in order of increasing atomic number Z.Įlectron configuration of Nitrogen is 2s2 2p3. The number of electrons in each element’s electron shells, particularly the outermost valence shell, is the primary factor in determining its chemical bonding behavior. The configuration of these electrons follows from the principles of quantum mechanics. Since the number of electrons and their arrangement are responsible for the chemical behavior of atoms, the atomic number identifies the various chemical elements. Each electron is influenced by the electric fields produced by the positive nuclear charge and the other (Z – 1) negative electrons in the atom. Therefore, the number of electrons in neutral atom of Nitrogen is 7. The number of electrons in an electrically-neutral atom is the same as the number of protons in the nucleus. This decay is accompanied by emission of a very energetic gamma rays (6 MeV), which can readily penetrate the wall of the high-pressure piping and are therefore can be easily measured by ion chambers located on the hot leg piping of each coolant loop. It has a short half-life of 7.1 sec and it decays via beta decay. Nitrogen-16 is an isotope of nitrogen generated by neutron activation of oxygen contained in the water. In nuclear reactors, nitrogen-16 can be used to detect leakages from steam generators. Nitrogen-16 is composed of 7 protons, 9 neutrons, and 7 electrons. Nitrogen-15 presents one of the lowest thermal neutron capture cross sections of all isotopes. Two sources of nitrogen-15 are the positron emission of oxygen-15 and the beta decay of carbon-15. Nitrogen-15 is composed of 7 protons, 8 neutrons, and 7 electrons. Nitrogen-14 is one of the very few stable nuclides with both an odd number of protons and of neutrons (seven each) and is the only one to make up a majority of its element. Nitrogen-14 is composed of 7 protons, 7 neutrons, and 7 electrons. This leads to an atomic weight of around 14.007 u. The first is much more common, making up 99.634% of natural nitrogen, and the second (which is slightly heavier) makes up the remaining 0.366%. Nitrogen has two stable isotopes: 14N and 15N. Mass numbers of typical isotopes of Nitrogen are 14 15. Isotopes are nuclides that have the same atomic number and are therefore the same element, but differ in the number of neutrons. The difference between the neutron number and the atomic number is known as the neutron excess: D = N – Z = A – 2Z.įor stable elements, there is usually a variety of stable isotopes. Neutron number plus atomic number equals atomic mass number: N+Z=A. The total number of neutrons in the nucleus of an atom is called the neutron number of the atom and is given the symbol N. The total electrical charge of the nucleus is therefore +Ze, where e (elementary charge) equals to 1,602 x 10 -19 coulombs. Total number of protons in the nucleus is called the atomic number of the atom and is given the symbol Z. Nitrogen is a chemical element with atomic number 7 which means there are 7 protons in its nucleus.
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